Koppe's Work of 1948: A Fundamental for Non-Equilibrium Rate of Particle Production

In 1948, Koppe formulated an almost complete recipe for statistical-thermal models including particle production, formation and decay of resonances, temporal and thermal evolution of the interacting system, statistical approaches, and equilibrium condition in final state of the nuclear interaction. As the rate of particle production was one of the basic assumptions, recalling Koppe's work would be an essential input to be involved in the statistical prediction of non-equilibrium particle production in recent and future ultra-relativistic collisions.