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Z. Naturforsch. 67a, 705 – 710
(2012)
doi:10.5560/ZNA.2012-0090
Construction of New S-Boxes Over Finite Field and Their Application to Watermarking
1 Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
2 Department of Sciences and Humanities, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
3 Department of Electronics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
Received February 13, 2012 / revised August 13, 2012 / published online November 14, 2012
Reprint requests to: I. H.; E-mail:
iqtadarqau@gmail.com
In this work, we develop an imperceptible watermarking technique for images that employ substitution boxes constructed over Galois field GF(24). The strength of the proposed substitution box (S-box) is analyzed and its suitability is investigated for watermarking applications by applying statistical methods, which include entropy, contrast, correlation, energy, homogeneity, mean of absolute deviation (MAD), mean square error (MSE), peak-to-peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR), and structural similarity (SSIM) paradigm analysis. The application of the proposed S-box is presented for embedding copyright information in images.
Key words: Block Ciphers; S-Box; Watermarking; MSE; PSNR; SSIM.